What is abs? – benefits of abs for automobile and motorcycle users

Stopping a speeding car on a slippery road can be very difficult. Anti-lock braking systems (ABS) eliminate many hassles in this sometimes frustrating phenomenon. In fact, on slippery surfaces, even professional drivers cannot stop as quickly without ABS as the average driver with ABS. The theory behind anti-lock brakes is simple. A skidding wheel (where the tire contact patch slides relative to the road) has less traction than a non-skidding wheel.

If you are stuck in ice and the wheels are spinning, you know you have no traction. This is due to the sliding of the contact surface relative to the ice. By preventing the wheels from slipping as you slow down, anti-lock brakes benefit you in two ways: You stop faster, and you can steer while stopping.

AN ABS SYSTEM HAS FOUR MAIN COMPONENTS:

• speed sensors
• Pump
• Valves
• controller
• Speed ​​Sensors

An anti-lock braking system requires a method to detect when a wheel is ready to lock. Speed sensors at each wheel or in the differential offer this information.

VALVES

Vehicles usually have an ABS -controlled valve under each brake system . In some vehicle systems, the valve generally has 3 positions: In 1 position, the valve is usually open and the intense pressure from the master cylinder is transmitted directly to the brake system. In the second position, the valve blocks the line, isolating the brake from the master cylinder. This prevents the pressure from increasing excessively if the person driving the vehicle presses the brake pedal with too much force.

In the third position, the valve releases some of the pressure from the brake.

PUMP

Since the valve can relieve pressure in the brakes, there is a way to restore that pressure. This is what the pump does; When a valve reduces the pressure in a line, the pump is there to raise the pressure again.

CONTROLLER

The controller is a computer in the car. Monitors speed sensors and controls valves. ABS systems, known as braking systems, have many different types and control mechanisms. This system detects and detects unusual slowdowns in the wheel. There is usually a rapid deceleration before any of the vehicle’s wheels lock. In such a situation, if there was no control system, the vehicle would stop very quickly. In general, it takes a certain speed and seconds for a vehicle to stop during braking. However, thanks to ABS systems, a locked wheel can stop in a much shorter time.

Thanks to the ABS braking system, the speed of the wheel is predetermined and transferred to the mechanism. In this way, ABS ensures simultaneous braking by keeping the time when the tires will start to lock close to the braking time of the car. In short, the ABS system brakes the tires and the vehicle itself at the same time, allowing them to stop in a controlled manner. This provides maximum braking power to the system.

ANTI-LOCK BRAKE TYPES

Brake systems that allow the vehicle to stop and anti-lock are used in different types and schemes depending on the model of the vehicle and the features of the brake system used.

• ABS with four channels and four sensors

This scheme is known as the best and most effective scheme among the anti-lock brake types. In this scheme, there is generally a specific speed sensor on all 4 wheels of the vehicle and there is also a separate valve system for all 4 wheels. This system, which has a four-channel, 4-sensor ABS scheme, helps the vehicle provide maximum braking force.

• Three-sensor ABS with three-channel system

This anti-lock scheme is widely used especially in Pickup Trucks. In this scheme, the Vehicle has a specific speed sensor and valve for the front wheels and a valve sensor for the rear wheels of the Vehicle. In this system, the speed sensor designed for the rear wheels is located at the rear of the vehicle. 3-sensor ABS with a three-channel system provides individual control of the front and rear wheels and thus helps increase the braking force of both parts. Since the rear wheels are monitored together in this system, the front two wheels must start to lock before ABS is activated. This causes the vehicle’s braking effectiveness to decrease and thus to regress.

• ABS with single channel system and single sensor

This anti-lock system is usually used on the rear wheels of the Vehicle and is a commonly used braking system in Pickup Trucks. In this system, a valve that manages both rear wheels of the vehicle and a speed sensor located on the rear axle of the vehicle come into play. In this system, basically the rear two wheels of the vehicle are monitored together and the ABS system is activated. There will usually be a brake line running from the tee to both rear wheels. You can find the speed sensor by looking for an electrical connection near the differential in the rear axle housing.

MOST ASKED QUESTIONS ABOUT ABS

SHOULD I PUMP THE BRAKE PEDAL WHEN STOPPING ON SLIPPERY GROUND?

You should never pump the brake pedal in an ABS-equipped car. Pumping the brakes is a method used in slippery situations to release the wheels and keep the car relatively straight during a stop. On a car with ABS, the wheels should never lock in the first place, therefore pumping the brakes will just cause you to stop longer. During an emergency stop in an ABS-equipped vehicle, you must firmly press and hold the brake pedal while the ABS performs all of the job. You will feel a pulse on the pedal, which can be pretty strong, but this is normal; do not remove the brake.

DO ANTI-LOCK BRAKES REALLY WORK?

Anti-lock brakes really help you stop better. It prevents the wheels from locking and provides the shortest stopping distance on slippery surfaces. But do they really prevent accidents? This is the true measure of the effectiveness of ABS systems. Various studies have been conducted attempting to determine whether cars equipped with ABS are involved in more or fewer fatal crashes. A study found that vehicles equipped with ABS are generally no less likely to be involved in fatal accidents than vehicles without ABS. The study actually noted that although vehicles with ABS were less likely to be involved in fatal crashes for the passengers of other cars, they were more likely to be involved in fatal crashes for the passengers of the ABS car, especially single-vehicle crashes. There is much speculation as to why. Some people think that drivers of ABS-equipped vehicles use ABS incorrectly by either pumping the brakes or releasing the brakes when they feel the system’s pulse. Some people think that more people swerve and crash because ABS allows you to turn the steering wheel in a panic.

The ABS system works much more effectively and reliably than the rapid braking systems of vehicles. Pace braking refers to the driver pumping the brake pedal and stopping without losing control. The ABS system examines the rotation speed of the wheels through sensors and the system is activated in accordance with the speed of the wheels during braking. Noticing that one wheel rotates slower than the other during braking, the system understands that the wheel is about to lock and reduces the brake pressure with an appropriate rotation speed. Therefore, the ABS system is a very effective and reliable system.